is masturbating a sin in hinduism. is not one of the prohibitions of God, so it can not be said that the Bible clearly defines masturbation as a sin. is masturbating a sin in hinduism

 
is not one of the prohibitions of God, so it can not be said that the Bible clearly defines masturbation as a sinis masturbating a sin in hinduism One fact is true, though, the Bible never explicitly states that masturbation is a sin

Learn some. Answer: Wa alaikum assalam wa rahmatullah, Yes, your fast would be valid in such a case because ritual purity is not a condition for the validity of the fast. The whole process of rebirth, called samsara, is cyclic, with no clear beginning or end, and encompasses lives of perpetual, serial attachments. Is masturbating wrong in hinduism. Jehovah’s Witnesses teach that masturbation is a "form of uncleanness” that can. According to one 2015 study in married women, those who masturbated reported experiencing more. The law of chastity is a moral code defined by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Answer. A barrier still. Desire can lead us down the wrong paths. : According to my consultant, a highly respected Catholic theologian, there has been a significant change in the evaluation of masturbation by the Catholic Church. Youth AND Truth. If the sexual urge is to desire somebody as an object is to offend that person. He will be made to stand in a vessel of copper, below which a fire will be lit. हस्तमैथुन ( अंग्रेजी: masturbation) शारीरिक मनोविज्ञान से सम्बन्धित एक सामान्य प्रक्रिया का नाम है जिसे यौन सन्तुष्टि हेतु पुरुष हो या. The biological basis of this alone should indicate that what's required to combat masturbation is more an issue of learning to tame one's lust rather than simply dealing with repressed issues. There are also many societal stigmas attached to masturbation: Some people believe women shouldn’t masturbate or that masturbation is immoral. Hinduism. The Hindu argument against masturbation is based on the concept of Brahmachrya. In Hinduism, it's also sacred. . ] If one masturbates during the fast of Ramadan, the fast is invalidated and must be made up. There was a 17 per cent drop in traffic from India on the Hindu holiday of Diwali and a 15 per cent drop the day Ramadan began, it says. Masturbation is a sin, because you cannot masturbate without calling up naked and sexual image or images in your head for the sexual release, climax and enjoyment. It tends to be addictive and progressive. Answer. This can negatively impact. Jerk away. Spirituality. There are also several health benefits to masturbation. Now two questions are arising. Originally Posted by Howest2008 His sin wasn't masturbation it was not getting his wife pregnant which was the old testament method for Widows having Is Masturbation A Sin? (morality, body, Creator, spirit) - Religion and Spirituality -Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Atheism, God, Universe, Science, Spirituality,. ) The prohibition forbids a male from. As a religion, it is the world's third-largest, with approximately 1. According to Hindu tradition, a husband should only approach his wife sexually during her ritu (season), a period of sixteen days within the menstrual cycle. The history of masturbation describes broad changes in society concerning the ethics,. Masturbation to orgasm stimulates the release of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in humans [Abstract]. Romans 6:13 - Neither yield ye your members as instruments of. According to Dr Ghosh, sex is more complicated in Hindu communities today than it was 2,000-odd years ago, when the Kama Sutra was written. However, writing in 1986, he complained of a stubborn “neo-puritanical attitude in. Porn and Masturbation. It's interesting that masturbation isn't specifically mentioned in the Bible as a sin. As per the Smritis in Hindu philosophy, there are 10 types of ‘paap’ or sins. 03 /8 Masturbation ruins sexual experience. 1. These deities are linked to universal and natural processes. Here are a few other reasons why, on the whole, masturbation is an activity you want to keep out of your life. It is outside of Gods design for sex. The Hindu text Manusmriti suggests Brahmans who had nocturnal emissions to bathe and chant mantras praying to return their virility. The kafaarah is to free a slave or fast for two consecutive months or feed sixty poor persons. Masturbation highlights all that is wrong with marriages: instead of sacrifice for someone else, the person has chosen the path of self (cf. YOU MAY GET STRESSED: Masturbating in excess might also impact your social life. That is, masturbation is objectionable because it saps the sexual energy of a man and thereby threatens his health and well‑being. Within A History of Celibacy, we find Indian wrestlers, pahalwans, who practice celibacy, brahmacharya, “the way to God”, because they need to store up semen and its other version, milk, in order to stay beautiful and strong. The views of the various different religions and religious believers regarding human sexuality range widely among and within them, from giving sex and sexuality a rather negative connotation to believing that sex is the highest expression of the divine. But does Hinduism classify ejaculation during sleep as a sin? sin sleep Share Improve this question Follow edited Jan 14, 2022 at 9:07 asked May 15, 2019 at 13:17 hanugm 31. The solution is to take a bath before prayers, in the case of actual ejaculation, or perform a. 13/24 This mutual giving and receiving, the heart of God's purpose for sexuality, is exactly what masturbation does not and cannot provide. Buddhism and sexuality. . " [1] Therefore, abstinence from sexual relations outside of marriage, and. -4. It brings guilt and shame and makes us feel distant from God. It jeopardizes the potency, causes deficiency in brain and premature ejaculation. Fornication is generally immoral sexual intercourse between two people not married to each other. Resorting to Prakrti, Nature, which is My own Power, I send forth again and again this multitude of beings that are without any freedom, owing. Sex is covenantal. Sex is a natural urge just like hunger, thirst, urination or passing motion. Your query is not clear. Like with partnered sex, the goal of this may not be orgasm. Masturbation is self-directed. [Ibid. Jains are. The sense organ: Mostly, only one sense organ fulfills a desire e. Whatever the motive, solitary sex in itself contradicts the meaning of human sexuality, which is meant by God to be shared between a man and a woman in marriage. The key to overcoming this (or any) sin is. Where legitimate sexual expression is meant to produce unity, masturbation produces isolation and division. The traditionalist Calvinist pastors of the United Protestant Church of France (EPUdf), believe that masturbation is a sin, stating, "Masturbation. <p>Intercourse and masturbation are different. The Ṥatapatha Brāhmaṇa (5:2:1:10) declares that the woman is the “better half of the man. It can take such mundane forms as the lust for food (see gluttony) as distinct from the. 3. In fact, such an emission has fewer consequences than a woman's menstruation. A 2015 study showed that the practice results in better sexual satisfaction and body confidence but it’s also great because orgasms release endorphins, which make us happy. Charity is the main aspect of Navratri. Myth 2: Oral sex can get you pregnant. boost your self-esteem. Learn and practice the pronunciation of masturbating. : 94–109 This denomination within Mormonism places great emphasis on the sexual behavior of Mormon adherents. Introduction. A red dot was once a symbol of marriage for Hindu women. And what people call Ishta (worship) is really Brahmacharya, for only worshipping by means of Brahmacarya does one. Seriously though, my recollection is that the custom wasn't about social safety nets, it was about Onan's societal obligation to conceive offspring on his brother's behalf. God punished Onan for his sin by making him die prematurely. Male masturbation is a "wasting of seed. e. Charity is the main aspect of Navratri. Masturbation is a serious obstacle to integrating sexuality into the personality and to maintaining psychological health. Islam Traditional Islamic thought regards masturbation as haram, or forbidden. better understand your wants and needs. Sexual misconduct for monks and nuns includes masturbation. • 2 yr. However, the practice of maintaining a healthy prostate is no sin. A. First, I made the poor choice to take part in a public conversation on whether or not masturbation was a sin. While masturbation isn’t a sin, it can lead to sinful behaviors. Masturbation is a sin for several reasons: 1. By forgiving your enemy and believing in God that he will do fair one day. Incest: The act of evil. The Talmud says that because of the second beit, the word should be translated not as heart, but as hearts. Some. Pre marital sex, extra marital sex, robbery, murder, rape. Zakir Naik had on February 7, 2021, posted a sequel to his original video titled. Masturbation, then is merely a capitulation to these appetites and this capitulation is sinful. The notification by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith “risks giving the impression that there can be no constructive role in the life of the Church for works of theology that 1. The film was theatrically released on 11 August 2023 to positive reviews from. It's primordial nature, the shakti of Brahman, which brings forth the creation. In this sense, Christianity is an erotic religion, in that it compels our. Pastor Chris Oyakhilome of the Believers Love World, popularly known as Christ Embassy, has insisted that masturbation is not a sin. Within Theravada Buddhism there are four principal transgressions which entail expulsion from the monastic Sangha: sex, theft, murder, and falsely boasting of superhuman perfections. . better understand your wants and needs. This doesn’t mean that the scholars who argue against it are wrong; there are simply many ways to interpret the Bible. Let me sum this passage up with some action steps: 1. e. By flashing smile and make calm to sad persons. ” Among the Mormons, Jains, Sikhs, Orthodox Jews, Buddhist. The status of homosexuality in Hinduism is ambiguous. Additionally, masturbation is one of the safest ways to experience sexual. Thus, in place of the traditional five elements (tattvas) of the Hindu cosmos, these Tantrists used the five m’s: mamsa (flesh, meat), matsya (fish), madya (fermented grapes, wine), mudra (frumentum,. FrugalFlanders • 4 mo. desire to eat a jalebi (an Indian sweet) is satisfied by the tongue: Most of the sense organs are involved in the fulfillment of this desire e. better understand your wants and needs. Further, Shree. Ayoni is non-vaginal sex in Hindu culture. More fun for all!”. 1. God's manifestation in creation goes by many names. This point is again reiterated in the next verse. God created sex for pleasure, procreation, and covenant between man and woman to indulge. But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart. Masturbation is a normal and healthy sexual activity enjoyed by a large proportion of people. 8. Hinduism portal. N. The act of masturbation is a sin and is prohibited in Islam. Then he warns us about our right eye causing us to sin (e. Radical Islamic preacher Zakir Naik has added yet another gem to his vast collection of bizarre commentaries. Hey guys! Thanks for watching I hope you enjoyed this video! It was so fun to make, I love you all and I am praying for you always. Q: I have heard that masturbation is sinful and haram in Islam. But to give to one and exclude the needy man is sinful. The religious stigmatization of sex, the construction of our sex organs as dirty, the idea that masturbation is a sin, the notion that sex is immoral—these are baseless,. The sense organ: Mostly, only one sense organ fulfills a desire e. 6. 03 /8 Masturbation ruins sexual experience. So, if the person does not repent from it before death, or if it is not erased as a sin by the good deeds and the. Masturbation is a normal, healthy part of your sexual development. Masterbation,rape,sex at unusual time of the day is said to be the path to hell and has to be avoided and gives divinity to our life. I don't think anyone's been arrested for masturbating, unless it's done in a Is Masturbation A Sin? (Biblical, God, pastor, believer) - Religion and Spirituality -Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Atheism, God, Universe, Science, Spirituality, Faith, Evidence - Page 4 - City-Data Forum Masturbation is a very common behavior, even among people who have a sex partner. You ask if masturbation is viewed as a mortal or venial sin. This is a life pleasing to God—a life that honors Him. engaging in masturbation as a response to stressful situations or emotional discomfort. [citation needed] Lust can take any form such as the lust for sexuality (see libido ), money, or power. Stealing Gold: The term gold here does not mean a metal only but any valuable thing. masturbation संज्ञा. The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC) has this to say about masturbation: “By masturbation is to be understood the deliberate stimulation of the genital organs in order to derive sexual. What you are alluding to is that if it is a minor sin then you can go on committing it. OMG 2 is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language satirical comedy-drama film, written and directed by Amit Rai. Sexual immorality is a sin. After claiming that ‘wishing Merry Christman is Shirk (sin)’, he now advocates his fellow Muslims that ‘masturbation is not haraam in Islam’. 13:4 ). Again, the biggest key to overcoming masturbation is screening out all the ungodly input that tempts us toward it, and fools us into thinking we need to have sex. Look Forward to Death. 2011) and the view of masturbation as a sin and unhealthy behavior (Davidson, Darling, & Norton, 1995). Further, Shree Krishna states here that the object of meditation should be God alone. Masturbation is against God, against His ways and His purposes for how men and women are to relate to one another in a marital union that reflects the relationship of Christ to the Church. Improved cardiovascular fitness. The Devi Sukta hymn of Rigveda, a scripture of Hinduism, declares the feminine energy as the essence of the universe, the one who creates all matter and consciousness, the eternal and. An intoxicated person does not clearly understand what he is doing. Restrictions of self life are an archaic abhramaic interlerstion. 13/24This mutual giving and receiving, the heart of God's purpose for sexuality, is exactly what masturbation does not and cannot provide. . History of masturbation. There are. This will help you place your energy on other things and never leave you thinking of masturbating. Satisfying your sexual urge by yourself and spilling the seed of life on the floor like Onan {Gen. a belief in the possibility of liberation and release (moksha. The Bible does not mention masturbation or state whether or not masturbation is a sin. There are also many societal stigmas attached to masturbation: Some people believe women shouldn’t masturbate or that masturbation is immoral. Hinduism and LGBT topics. What invalidates all the deeds of a person is Kufr (disbelief) but not other less serious sins. Despite what some people say, masturbation is not inherently bad for you. Mankind and womankind have been doing it for thousands of years. She says conservative beliefs around men's honour and. At one time. (Shutterstock) On the extreme side of things, there may be cases where people may masturbate more than they desire, which. Masturbation is not a long-term solution to sexual desire and loneliness. Even though masturbation is forbidden, we do not say that it invalidates all the deeds of a person. She says conservative beliefs around men's honour and. Independence Day and Republic Day witness a heavy traffic on porn websites. As a teenager, ones desires and passions are at the highest. 7. The Mahanarayana Upanishad lists abortion with actions such as breaking one's vow of chastity. The present chapter aims to review the effects of various of Indian religious concepts on marriage and sexuality from an Indian perspective. A sin is something that fractures your relationship with your neighbor, that makes you smaller and more angry and more afraid, that turns you away from the big love that the Christian tradition. While masturbation is a sureshot way to orgasm, but that has never turned anyone away from sex. There is no such thing as Sin in Hinduism. Brito explains that. Hindu texts present a range of views on sex. the old adage. I will also say that because of this article’s nature, you may see. g. Masturbation keeps us attached to the world, so from that point of view I would say it’s not very helpful for spiritual growth. See masturbation meaning in Hindi, masturbation definition, translation and meaning of masturbation in Hindi. Instead, do as the Prophet advised us, may Allah bless him and give him peace, “O young men, whoever among you can afford. Orthodox Christians believe masturbation related semen loss as abnormal and consider it as a sin as it hampers the normal procreation by the process of sexual intercourse. Poor guy then has to choose between celibacy, adultery or the sin of waste. A mortal sin (Latin: peccatum mortale ), in Catholic theology, is a gravely sinful act, which can lead to damnation if a person does not repent of the sin before death. Many couples fantasize during sex for. The solution is to take a bath before prayers, in the case of actual ejaculation, or perform a. The film revolves around sex education in India. Hinduism eller Sanatana dharma ( Den eviga världsordningen) är samlingsnamnet för en rad indiska sedvänjor, religiösa föreställningar och filosofiska begrepp. Hinduism is less interested than western philosophers in abstract ideas of right or wrong. 21st March, 2012. Men also have sex. The Manusmriti equates homosexual sex to a man having sex with a menstruating woman, or having sex during the day, and the punishment involves purification rites: bathing with clothes on, and. In the Mormon church, masturbation is considered a sin. Kama (Sanskrit: काम, IAST: kāma) is the concept of pleasure, enjoyment and desire in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. is contrary to the natural. The Mormon church strongly condemns masturbation and teaches that it is a sin. Avoid maithuna or sexual activities during Navratri. Abstinence is not impossible. Additionally, in 1 Peter 2:11, it says that sinful desires war against our souls ( 1 Peter 2:. For Hindus, culture and faith are inextricable. A: It is an extremely shameful act whether committed by a man or woman. If one had masturbated and semen had come out, then ghusal will be waajib. The prevailing Hindu marriage ceremony,. ” Sexual indulgence. The present chapter aims to review the effects of various of Indian religious concepts on marriage and sexuality from an Indian perspective. manual stimulation of the genital organs (of yourself or another) for sexual pleasure. Human history has evolved over time and there was a time when there were no social norms or rules for a man and woman to get sexually involved with each other. And Allah Ta’ala (الله تعالى) knows best. He then identifies three objects of craving: the craving for existence; the craving for non-existence and the craving for sense pleasures ( kama ). Whatever the motive, solitary sex in itself contradicts the meaning of human sexuality, which is meant by God to be shared between a man and a woman in marriage. They are one and the same, infinite and eternal. . 3. Although the name Hinduism is relatively new, having been coined by British writers in the first decades of the 19th century, it refers to a rich cumulative tradition of texts and practices, some of which. Because we are sexually driven creatures. Remember, that for a sin to be mortal, three conditions must together be met. A long time ago, I tried looking up on the internet about if masturbation is a sin or not, and most of the articles said that masturbation is not really a sin in and of itself, but lust is. 1. Allah Most High loves to forgive, even when the same sin is repeated over and over again. Hinduism accepts that sexual desire is quite natural but at the same time suggests that restraining or curbing that desire bestows great merits. Compared to regular exercise, it is more effective or efficient at reducing tension and releasing feel. Masturbation isn’t. “I understand that like any normal human tendency,. Masturbation has many documented health benefits. A lot of the time that anyone masturbates it is accompanied by porn. I said it wasn’t a problem, but every once in a while I did masturbate. He goes on to elaborate that “sins of the flesh are. Is the ruling the same for women, since mostly all the answers are related to men? I feel bad and guilty after doing it and I have also heard that masturbation can cause psychological problems and mental illness such as weak memory. In Hanafi scholarship, a wife masturbating her husband is meanwhile disliked, but not prohibited, meaning it would be preferable not to do so but doing so will not incur sin. It may seem like nobody does it, because masturbating is private and people usually don’t talk about it. Point-12-The Right Hand Verse. However, masturbation is like all other sins that are between the servant and his Lord. “Both the magisterium of the Church, in the course of a constant tradition, and the moral sense of the faithful have been in no doubt and have firmly maintained that masturbation is an intrinsically and gravely disordered action. Allama Alusi (ra) in Ruh al-Ma’ani under this verse writes: And there is a difference of opinion also on the issue of masturbation. Then, if masturbation does occur it should only occur when it is absolutely needed to calm “fiery hot” sexual passion, prevent lustful thoughts and avoid other sexual sins. No Related Posts found. While it may offer pleasure in the very short term, in the long run it will bring ill health, physically and psychologically, and in matters of the spirit. When the Buddhist texts were translated into Chinese, the concubines of others were added to the list of inappropriate partners. Also, to masturbate will break one’s fast. Let’s be clear, masturbation is an act of instant, self-gratification. g. : According to my consultant, a highly respected. is not one of the prohibitions of God, so it can not be said that the Bible clearly defines masturbation as a sin. The question arises only when you are conditioned to believe that sex is sinful. Det finns inte någon vedertagen definition av hinduismen som religion eftersom den inte har någon grundare, ingen av alla erkänd helig skrift eller någon övergripande. The Catholic Church currently castigates masturbation as “an intrinsically and gravely disordered action. Thus most marriages are arranged by parents or relatives, even in the educated class. In Hinduism. ) I know that you wrote. Both groups had comparable levels of masturbation and porn use, but religious individuals reported far fewer numbers of sexual partners, as well as much lower levels of alcohol and drug problems. As such, is a distortion of human sexuality. There are three bodily sins; these are expressed through our actions. In a small 2015 study, married women who masturbated had more orgasms and sexual desire, boosted. The report says that Saturdays witness heavy traffic while Sundays remain a little slow. Also Paul tells us that whatever is done not of faith is sin. the act of watching a women with bad intent is considered a grievous sin in hinduism, christianity and islam- which religion the person belongs. A tradition in all Indian weddings without which the wedding is incomplete. Is Pleasure a Sin? A Sister of Mercy writing about the Kama Sutra, sexual desire and “our yearnings for pleasure. A barrier still. ago. But make sure you do it correctly to reap all the. Radical Islamic preacher Zakir Naik has added yet another gem to his vast collection of bizarre commentaries. For boys however, it is considered a preparation for mature sex life. The doctrine of the Trinity teaches us that relationship, union with the Other, is part of the inner life of the One God. : 94–109 This denomination within Mormonism places great emphasis on the sexual behavior of Mormon adherents. Make sure to do your research to find out what’s best. As you mature, you will increase in your ability to endure 30 minutes of intense temptation. desire to eat a jalebi (an Indian sweet) is satisfied by the tongue: Most of the sense organs are involved in the fulfillment of this desire e. [97] [98] In Shia jurisprudence, masturbation is generally considered prohibited, though there has always been a view to permit masturbation as the lesser of two evils (so. improve your self-esteem and body image. Shikhandi was the rebirth of Amba – a princess who was hurt by Bheeshma’s action and vowed revenge – and ultimately becomes the cause of Bheeshma’s demise. In an open area, under the sun, keep both your hands over the head, and stand facing the East direction. Missions and Masturbation. 6. As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh. None of the sacred Hindu texts, such as the Vedas or the Upanishads, contain a straightforward condemnation of homosexuality akin to that found in Leviticus 18:22. It becomes a problem when it interferes with a natural living. Masturbation is the act or practice of the self-stimulation of one's sexual organs. It is usually done with the goal of achieving sexual climax, sexual gratification, or the release of sexual tension. 7: Hindu women wearing ‘red dots’ on their foreheads are married. For women, masturbation can decrease menstrual pain, and for men, it is correlated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. Lust will keep us away from realizing the truth. Masturbation is a normal way for males and females to release sexual energy, nothing more, nothing less. Food charity is the main aspect of this puja. ago. Masturbation is a natural phenomenon most young teenagers and adults do. There are righteous, healthy ways in which it can take place and there are sinful, unhealthy ways in which it can take place. हस्त मैथुन, हस्त-मैथुन, हस्तमैथुन. Is masturbating wrong in hinduism. You ask if masturbation is viewed as a mortal or venial sin. : According to my consultant, a highly respected Catholic theologian, there has been a significant change in the evaluation of masturbation by the Catholic Church. It brings guilt and shame and makes us feel distant from God. Unfulfillment: Less often: Most often: 3. ” “Death was not there,” it states, “nor was there aught immortal. , lustful actions, masturbation). 1. Consult a Doctor. However, masturbation can be healthy and acceptable for many others. Various versions show Shikhandi as an. The sin can happen based on what we are watching, reading, thinking about when we masturbate. robertovertical • 4 mo. If masturbation is a sin then I'm going straight to hell 07-13-2014, 03:58 PM Mikelee81 : 6,822 posts, read 6,245,948 times Reputation: 3761. But does Hinduism classify ejaculation during sleep as a sin? sin sleep Share Improve this question Follow edited Jan 14, 2022. Answer. Compulsiveness. It brings about humiliation and shame in this world as well as in the world hereafter. Whatever the motive, solitary sex in itself contradicts the meaning of human sexuality, which is meant by God to be shared between a man and a woman in marriage. Lust is a psychological force producing intense desire for something, or circumstance while already having a significant amount of the desired object. 6. Hinduism. Keep commenting your pray. Hinduism expects every human to make their own decisions, because all humans have been granted intelligence. 4 It became the primary means of transmitting from one culture toIn puberty and adolescence, masturbation is much more directly linked to developing sexuality and to the desire for sexual satisfaction. While this evil habit may have started while you were young, naive and. To ask whether it is a major sin or a minor sin is not at all appropriate. [1] Some religions distinguish between human sexual activities that are practised for. Sexual abstinence or sexual restraint is the practice of refraining from some or all aspects of sexual activity for medical, psychological, legal, social, philosophical, moral, religious or other reasons. It is not a sin or wrong be lustful. [2] [3] [4] Dharmic religions. The word "paapa" is not equivalent to the Christian idea of sin. Allah Most High loves to forgive, even when the same sin is repeated over and over again. A kanya. and on other occasions is made exactly parallel to sin. improve self-esteem. This is usually based upon several Qur'an and Hadith verses, which state that people should. The Bible also teaches that sexual immorality is a sin against our own bodies ( 1 Corinthians 6:18 c). And as men let’s be real: That’s what’s going to happen. Hence, repenting from each of them is obligatory. Answer. help you sleep better. The chapter shall focus on these major faiths while touching upon various other systems of faith that occur in India. So, it is not at all a sin. While masturbation is a sureshot way to orgasm, but that has never turned anyone away from sex. Also, to masturbate will break one’s fast. The order came on September 27 and the high court said that Internet service providers will have to ban the sites or face cancellation of their licences.